SocMonitor is an electronic bulletin about the Global Socio-economic Monitoring Initiative to update everyone on what is happening with socio-economic monitoring through the SocMon and SEM-Pasifika initiatives. This is the December 2015 issue of the SocMonitor. This issues include:

• From the Global Coordinator
• Coastal fishing villages re-assessed in Dominica
• Towards integrated monitoring in Guam
• Addressing trans-boundary issues in the Gulf of Mannar
• Prioritising management objectives using conjoint analysis
• Until 2016

SocMonitor is an electronic bulletin about the Global Socio-economic Monitoring Initiative to update everyone on what is happening with socio-economic monitoring through the SocMon and SEM-Pasifika initiatives. This is the December 2015 issue of the SocMonitor. This issues include:

• From the Global Coordinator
• Coastal fishing villages re-assessed in Dominica
• Towards integrated monitoring in Guam
• Addressing trans-boundary issues in the Gulf of Mannar
• Prioritising management objectives using conjoint analysis
• Until 2016

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This book is the outcome of a one-year comprehensive study data collection on sharks and rays landings in the state of Perak, Malaysia in 2013. The study was funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) through Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME). 

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This book was published by the Department of Fisheries Malaysia and provide a field guide to  320 species of bony fishes from 45 families, 23 species of  cartilaginous fishes  consisting of 11 species of sharks from 5 families and  12 species of rays from 3 families, 5 species (1 family) of crab, 14 species (2 families) of shrimp,  3 species (1 families) of lobster, 1 species (1 family) of flathead lobster and 3 species of squids. Most species are inhabiting continental shelf of Malaysia which less than 200 meter depth.

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Stocks of high-value sea cucumber species have been overexploited throughout the Asia–Pacific region. Their high value as a food and medicine in China and other parts of Asia, the ease of capture, the apparently insatiable demand for them and the lack of effective management indicate that this situation is unlikely to change any time soon. Better fisheries governance must be a priority; however, in many cases, the situation is beyond the point where improved management alone can restore populations. Sea cucumber aquaculture is a recurring priority in development aspirations for Asian and Pacific island nations, driven by the depletion of stocks from overfishing and the subsequent loss of livelihoods and export dollars. Fortunately, for a small number of species, aquaculture and farming activities can assist in conserving wild stocks, while also generating income and boosting natural recovery. Consequently, there has been considerable research on the culture of tropical sea cucumbers in the past two decades.

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Sea cucumber species respond to challenging environmental conditions differently thus, to culture them in artificial environment requires a better understanding of their environmental needs. Two species of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota in Teluk Kamang Port Dickson (PD) (2° 27’ 46.61″N 101° 50’ 42.98″E), Malaysia, were investigated to determine their biodiversity. H. leucospilota was separately investigated to establish its abundance in three (3) separate periods of the year- March, July and November. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) were used to measure the physical parameters. Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota were found in temperature ranges of 31 to 32°C and 30 to 31°C, respectively. Salinity was 30.00 to 31.00 part per thousand (ppt) for S. japonicus and 30.00 to 31.00 ppt for H. leucospilota. The pH ranged from 7.80 to 8.40 and 8.00 to 8.60 for S. japonicus and H. leucospilota respectively. H. leucospilota species were more abundant in March than in July, and more in July than in November. Amplification of their genomic DNA using the 16S primer, showed H. leucospilota to be approximately 550 bp and S. japonicus 600 bp in size. The sequenced PCR products analyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) Version 2.01G identified Holothuria leucospilota as another species in Malaysia. These findings provide an insight into Holothurians environment needs and established a nucleotide sequence for H. leucospilota in nucleotide database for future use

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