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1. coral and reefs
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Search for records which contain words coral and reefs. Same as the "and" function.
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Proceedings of the Eleventh International Coral Reef Symposium, 2008 - Online Preprints
Full papers arising from the Eleventh International Coral Reef Symposium which have been reviewed, revised and accepted by the editorial board can be accessed here. You can search for papers (and abstracts) using the form above.
The full Proceedings will be available as a book and on CD-ROM in 2009/2010.
Click here for information on how to order.
Search Result: 297 records
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1.
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ICRS11
Carsey, T., K.D. Goodwin, J. Hendee, J.R. Proni, C. Sinigalliano, J. Stewart, J-Z. Zhang, N. Amornthammarong, J. Craynock, S. Cummings, P. Dammann, C. Featherstone, J. Stamates and K. Sullivan,
2008
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A glimpse of the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) program
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 566-570
(Session number 16)
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Author
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Carsey, T., K.D. Goodwin, J. Hendee, J.R. Proni, C. Sinigalliano, J. Stewart, J-Z. Zhang, N. Amornthammarong, J. Craynock, S. Cummings, P. Dammann, C. Featherstone, J. Stamates and K. Sullivan
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A glimpse of the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) program
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 566-570
(Session number 16)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Ecosystem Assessment of Coral Reefs - New Technologies and Approaches, wastewater, inlets, Florida, nutrients, microbial contaminants.
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) research program gathers a variety of data related to water inputs into the coastal zone of southeast Florida. The water inputs studied include treated wastewater discharges, inlet flows, and upwelling events. Measurements include currents, nutrients, microbial contaminants, and stable isotopes. This report provides a glimpse of the data collected in this program. Data collected from the Boynton inlet point to the significance of this discharge as a source of nutrient and microbiological loads to coastal waters and demonstrate the importance of accounting for all major discharges in order to fully understand the impact of land use and water management decisions on coastal resources.
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Online Documents
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2.
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ICRS11
Walker, B.K.,
2008
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A Model Framework for Predicting Reef Fish Distributions Across the Seascape Using GIS Topographic Metrics and Benthic Habitat Associations
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 663-667
(Session number 17)
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Author
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Walker, B.K.
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A Model Framework for Predicting Reef Fish Distributions Across the Seascape Using GIS Topographic Metrics and Benthic Habitat Associations
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 663-667
(Session number 17)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Emerging Techniques in Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis, coral reef, Florida, habitat complexity, prediction, reef fish, rugosity.
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Caption
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Abstract
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Increased topographic complexity has been linked to increased species diversity and/or abundance in many ecological communities, including coral reefs. Several topographic metrics can be measured remotely in GIS using high resolution bathymetry, including elevation, surface rugosity, and seafloor volume within specified areas. Statistical relationships between these data and organismal distributions within mapped habitats can be used to make predictions across the entire bathymetric dataset. In this study a model framework is presented which utilizes statistically significant relationships between reef fish abundance and species richness and GIS topographic complexity measurements for samples within similar benthic habitats to create GIS-based prediction maps of abundance and species richness for the entire seascape. Reef fish associations with GIS topographic metrics were significant and varied between habitats. Model evaluation showed that patterns in the measured data emerged in the prediction data. The results allow for viewing of data trends throughout the seascape, quantification of assemblages in non-sampled areas, and statistical comparisons of areas within the region to support and guide management related decisions. This model framework can be adapted to other communities (e.g. benthic organisms) and/or parameters (e.g. diversity) that relate to topographic complexity.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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3.
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ICRS11
Hubbard, D. K. ,
2008
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A New Caribbean Reef Model: A View From Ye Shoulders of Giants
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 2-6
(Session number 1)
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Author
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Hubbard, D. K.
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A New Caribbean Reef Model: A View From Ye Shoulders of Giants
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 2-6
(Session number 1)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Lessons from the Past, Caribbean; Reef Models, Reef Accretion, Holocene, Acropora
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Caption
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Abstract
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For geologists, three cores from Lang Bank described at the 1977 ISRS meeting in Miami, FL set the direction of the coral-reef discussion for the next three decades. High accretion rates from this and other Caribbean sites led us to ask why reefs capable of outpacing even the fastest sea-level rise could be abandoned. A possible gap in accretion on Lang Bank at 10,000 CalBP attributed to dirty water flowing off the recently flooded bank provided a solution to this "drowning paradox", and the Lang Bank story was extrapolated to the entire Caribbean. Recent studies suggest that some of the foundational ideas upon which our models were built may warrant reexamination. Acropora palmata reefs not only continued to build, but thrived across the presumed Caribbean-wide gap. Caribbean reef building can generally be characterized as transgressive between 11,000 and 7,000 CalBP due to a steady and rapid rise in sea level, and regressive thereafter, as sea-level rise slowed to below 4 m/Kyr. However, two millennial-scale lapses remain for A. palmata, starting at ca. 6,000 and 3,000 CalBP, respectively, well after sea-level rise had slowed to below the average rate of reef accretion. Their origins remain unknown, but could bear on the species' recent decline.ecies' recent decline.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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4.
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ICRS11
Hanaizumi, H., M. Akiba, H. Yamano and T. Matsunaga,
2008
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A pan-sharpening method for satellite image-based coral reef monitoring with higher accuracy
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 633-637
(Session number 17)
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Author
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Hanaizumi, H., M. Akiba, H. Yamano and T. Matsunaga
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A pan-sharpening method for satellite image-based coral reef monitoring with higher accuracy
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 633-637
(Session number 17)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Emerging Techniques in Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis, Lossless pan-sharpening, panchromatic, multi-spectral, spatial resolution.
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Caption
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Abstract
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A pan-sharpening method for enhancing satellite imagery is proposed as the first step for building a relatively high accuracy and low cost approach for image-based analyses of coral reefs. To achieve this objective, a low spatial resolution multi-spectral image was first spatially resampled (increasing the number of pixels) and co-registered onto a higher resolution panchromatic image. Based on multiple regression analysis, brightness information of the resampled multi-spectral image was replaced with that of the panchromatic image so that all spectral density scatter-diagrams exhibit linear characteristics with slopes equal to one and y-intercepts equal to zero. The method was characterized by its simplicity and faithfulness in preserving spectral (i.e., color) information. Since the resampled multi-spectral pixels were independently modified by the densities of the panchromatic pixels, all information in the panchromatic image was transferred to the resulting pan-sharpened image, thus producing lossless pan-sharpening. As a demonstration, the method was applied to FORMOSAT-2 data acquired on 31 January 2007 at Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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5.
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ICRS11
Koren, S., Z. Dubinsky and O. Chomsky,
2008
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A photographic method for analyzing areal chlorophyll and bleaching status of the coral Stylophora pistillata
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 767-770
(Session number 18)
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Author
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Koren, S., Z. Dubinsky and O. Chomsky
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A photographic method for analyzing areal chlorophyll and bleaching status of the coral Stylophora pistillata
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 767-770
(Session number 18)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Reef Status and Trends, Coral, Bleaching, photography, chlorophyll
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Caption
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Abstract
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With the increasing frequency and severity of coral bleaching events, this phenomenon has been documented and studied by scientists around the world. Methods to quantify bleaching status are based on sacrificing the samples being tested or using expensive equipment (like the diving PAM). In recent years, the performance of digital cameras in image processing has improved and they have become more affordable, thus, we used these to develop a new, economical and nondestructive way to monitor bleaching and recovery processes in coral tissues, to be used by conservationists and researchers. In the present study, we report a reliable bioassay for computerized quantification of areal chlorophyll density in corals. We used a regular digital camera and standard computer software, both inexpensive and easily available. The proposed bioassay could be used on any coral to rapidly and economically gather data on coral bleaching and disseminate them.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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6.
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ICRS11
Goh, B.P.L. and C.S. Lee,
2008
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A study of the effect of sediment accumulation on the settlement of coral larvae using conditioned tiles
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol 2: 1240-1244
(Session number 24)
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Author
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Goh, B.P.L. and C.S. Lee
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A study of the effect of sediment accumulation on the settlement of coral larvae using conditioned tiles
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol 2: 1240-1244
(Session number 24)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Reef Restoration, Pocillopora damicornis; larval settlement; biofilm; sediment
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Caption
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Abstract
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Studies have shown that marine biofilms play an important role in coral larval settlement. Biofilms are formed when substrata are immersed in seawater over a period of time in a process known as conditioning. This study investigated the settlement of Pocillopora damicornis larvae on concrete tiles which had been conditioned in running seawater for one, two, four, six and eight weeks, with unconditioned tiles used as controls. Results showed that larval settlement appeared to be higher on unconditioned tiles. Two-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in larval settlement densities in treatments and controls, but significant differences in the choice of settlement surfaces preferred. Larvae preferred to settle on the sides of the tiles, compared to the top and bottom surfaces. Regression analysis conducted on the weight of sediment accumulated and the density of settled larvae indicated a negative and significant correlation between the two variables. Sediment accumulation on biofilm layers growing on underwater substrata likely affects the suitability of these surfaces for larval settlement. This factor must be taken into account when designing artificial surfaces to enhance coral larval settlement for reef rehabilitation.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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7.
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ICRS11
Cunning, J. R., J. E. Thurmond, G. W. Smith, E. Weil and K. B. Ritchie,
2008
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A survey of Vibrios associated with healthy and Yellow Band diseased Montastraea faveolata
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 209-213
(Session number 7)
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Author
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Cunning, J. R., J. E. Thurmond, G. W. Smith, E. Weil and K. B. Ritchie
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A survey of Vibrios associated with healthy and Yellow Band diseased Montastraea faveolata
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 209-213
(Session number 7)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Diseases on Coral Reef, Yellow Band Disease, Vibrio, Montastraea faveolata, coral disease
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Caption
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Abstract
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Bacteria of the genus Vibrio have been implicated in coral bleaching as well as diseases, including Caribbean Yellow Band Disease (CYBD). Four Vibrio species have been previously identified as causative agents of CYBD through a series of infection and re-isolation experiments. The mechanisms of pathogenesis and the dynamics of the Vibrio community as a whole during CYBD infection are poorly understood. In order to elucidate the role of Vibrios in CYBD, a survey of Vibrio species associated with healthy corals and CYBDinfected corals was conducted using a culture-based approach. Fragments were collected from CYBD lesions of five Montastraea faveolata colonies, five healthy regions of the same diseased colonies, and five entirely healthy colonies. Samples were serially diluted and plated onto TCBS agar to differentially select for Vibrio species. Colonies were subcultured using GASWA media and a total of 391 isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of Vibrio spp. communities of healthy and diseased corals illustrated a shift from isolates taxonomically affiliated with V. fortis dominating in healthy corals to isolates taxonomically affiliated with V. harveyi, a known marine pathogen, dominating in diseased corals. There was a similar shift to isolates taxonomically similar to Photobacterium eurosenbergii as corals progressed to diseased states. However, our study did not find any Vibrio species that are always present in CYBD lesions and absent from healthy samples.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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8.
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ICRS11
Higuchi, T., H. Fujimura, T. Arakaki and T. Oomori,
2008
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Activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in the coral Galaxea fascicularis against increased hydrogen peroxide concentrations in seawater
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 931-935
(Session number 19)
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Author
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Higuchi, T., H. Fujimura, T. Arakaki and T. Oomori
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Year
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2008
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Title
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Activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in the coral Galaxea fascicularis against increased hydrogen peroxide concentrations in seawater
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 931-935
(Session number 19)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Biogeochemical Cycles in Coral Reef Environments, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzyme, catalase, coral bleaching, Galaxea fascicularis
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Caption
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Abstract
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The activities of two antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were studied in a colony of Galaxea fascicularis corals with increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in seawater using an incubation chamber. Changes in enzyme activity were compared to those induced by increased seawater temperature. Three H2O2 concentrations (0, 0.3, and 3.0 µM) were tested at 27oC, and an elevated seawater temperature of 31oC was tested without added H2O2. CAT activities in both coral tissue and zooxanthellae increased with increased H2O2, but SOD activities remained relatively unchanged, suggesting that increased H2O2 in seawater affected coral cytosol but did not induce superoxide formation. In contrast, the elevated seawater temperature caused both SOD and CAT activities in coral tissue and zooxanthellae to increase. Coral bleaching was not observed at the levels of H2O2 tested during the 5-day exposure period. Although the long-term effects of H2O2 remain unknown, these results suggest that coral bleaching would likely not occur from short-term (5 days) exposure to increased H2O2 concentrations in seawater.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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9.
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ICRS11
Strychar, K.B. and P.W. Sammarco,
2008
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Adaptation/Exaptation in the host coral Favites complanata (Ehrenberg, 1834; Scleractinia, Faviidae) to increased Seawater Temperatures
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol 2: 1335-1339
(Session number 25)
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Author
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Strychar, K.B. and P.W. Sammarco
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Year
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2008
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Title
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Adaptation/Exaptation in the host coral Favites complanata (Ehrenberg, 1834; Scleractinia, Faviidae) to increased Seawater Temperatures
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol 2: 1335-1339
(Session number 25)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, climate change, Adaptation, Apoptosis, Bleaching, Exaptation, Necrosis, Seawater temperature, Symbiodinium
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Caption
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Abstract
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Recent evidence suggests that, as global climate changes and seawater temperatures rise, the primary cause of coral bleaching is zooxantheallar mortality indicated by cell apoptosis/necrosis. But are the coral hosts themselves sensitive to increasing temperatures, and, if so, to what degree? We exposed the coral Favites complanata (Ehrenberg, 1834) with their symbiotic zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium sp.) to experimental temperatures of 28 (control), 30, 32, and 34°C for 12h. We assessed coral and symbiont cells in situ for symptoms of apoptosis and necrosis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). F. complanata host cells in situ exhibited little or no mortality from exposure to increased seawater temperatures, except at very high temperatures (34°C) for >12hrs. By contrast, we found high levels of apoptosis/necrosis in the zooxanthellae in situ under all experimentally elevated temperatures. These findings indicate that the host corals are adapted/exapted to seawater temperature increases. They also imply that the coral hosts do not suffer mortality from temperature stress but from loss of their symbionts – a process driving natural selection in Symbiodinium and most likely resulting in their rapid adaptation to a changing environment.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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10.
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ICRS11
L.Camilli, O.Pizarro and R.Camilli,
2008
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Advancing spatial-temporal continuity in coral reef ecosystem pattern detection: The morphology, distribution and chemical environments of coral habitats encompassing Coiba National Park, Panamá.
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 522-526
(Session number 16)
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Author
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L.Camilli, O.Pizarro and R.Camilli
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Year
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2008
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Title
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Advancing spatial-temporal continuity in coral reef ecosystem pattern detection: The morphology, distribution and chemical environments of coral habitats encompassing Coiba National Park, Panamá.
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 522-526
(Session number 16)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Ecosystem Assessment of Coral Reefs - New Technologies and Approaches, coral reef ecology, benthic optical imaging, biogeochemistry, mass spectrometry, Panamá, Coiba
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Caption
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Abstract
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A synoptic perspective of reef biogeochemical dynamics and community structure was revealed using new technologies and methods designed to enable high resolution underwater habitat assessment with non-invasive monitoring capabilities and rapid information output. A towed, chemical sensor platform (TETHYS) and a diver-based, benthic imaging system (SCUBA COP) were developed to compare reef architecture and seafloor morphology across centimeter to kilometer spatial scales, and resolve sub-meter variability in ambient water chemistry across 300 km seascapes. Acoustic bathymetry, stereo-optical imaging, in-situ underwater mass spectrometry, and fluorometry data were coupled with precision navigation to enable multi-parameter biogeochemical and structural comparisons of coastal and island coral habitats surrounding Coiba Island, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Pacific Panamá. Baseline chemical data [O2, CO2, CH4, N2]; and digital 3-D reef mosaics were coupled with SCUBA diver transect data, High Definition video, oceanographic time series from a cabled underwater observatory, Landsat and SeaWiFs satellite imagery to create and validate comprehensive, thematic chemical and benthic habitat maps. This integrated approach shows considerable promise for locating, predicting and quantifying natural and anthropogenic environmental stressors affecting the distribution, diversity and health of tropical coral communities.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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11.
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ICRS11
Boulon, R.H., M.E. Monaco, A.M. Friedlander, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, C. Rogers, J. Beets and J. Miller, S.D. Hile,
2008
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An Ecological Correction to Marine Reserve Boundaries in the US Virgin Islands
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 1082-1085
(Session number 23)
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Author
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Boulon, R.H., M.E. Monaco, A.M. Friedlander, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, C. Rogers, J. Beets and J. Miller, S.D. Hile
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Year
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2008
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Title
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An Ecological Correction to Marine Reserve Boundaries in the US Virgin Islands
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 1082-1085
(Session number 23)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Reef Management, Marine Protected Area, Coral Reef, Fishes, Overfishing
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Caption
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Abstract
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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important tools for management of marine ecosystems. While desired, ecological and biological criteria are not always feasible to consider when establishing protected areas. In 2001, the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICR) in St. John, US Virgin Islands was established by Executive Order. VICR boundaries were based on administrative determination of Territorial Sea boundaries and land ownership at the time of the Territorial Submerged Lands Act of 1974. VICR prohibits almost all fishing and other extractive uses. Surveys of habitat and fishes inside and outside of VICR were conducted in 2002-07. Based on these surveys, areas outside VICR had significantly more hard corals; greater habitat complexity; and greater richness, abundance and biomass of reef fishes than areas within VICR, further supporting results from 2002-2004 (Monaco et al., 2007). The administrative (political) process used to establish VICR did not allow a robust ecological characterization of the area to determine the boundaries of the MPA. Efforts are underway to increase amounts of complex reef habitat within VICR by swapping a part of VICR that has little coral reef habitat for a Territorially-owned area within VICR that contains a coral reef with higher coral cover.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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12.
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ICRS11
De Mazières, J. and J. Comley,
2008
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An investigation of coral reef fish assemblage modelling with geostatistical methods
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 609-613
(Session number 17)
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Author
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De Mazières, J. and J. Comley
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Year
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2008
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Title
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An investigation of coral reef fish assemblage modelling with geostatistical methods
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 609-613
(Session number 17)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Emerging Techniques in Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis, coral reef fish, assemblage, habitat, geostatistical modelling, Fiji
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Caption
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Abstract
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The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of reef fish assemblages according to the habitat types of the Coral Coast, Fiji by using geostatistical methods. The study focused on the reef flat zone covering 45 km² which was divided into 22 geomorphological reef units. Substrate and fish data were obtained from a previous field survey of 311 transects. We worked with five classes of habitats (sand, rubble, macroalgae, seagrass and coral) which were defined according to thresholds of 20% for the biotic substrate and 50% for the abiotic. Nine fish families were selected due to their importance for the fisheries and as reef health indicators. We conducted batches of multivariate statistical tests to identify significant patterns of fish assemblage distribution. Prediction maps of fish abundance were created by using the co-Kriging geostatistical model. Results showed that sand, seagrass and coral habitats hosted significantly different assemblages. The quality of the predictive models varied highly depending on the location and the fish family of which Acanthuridae and Scaridae showed the best accuracy. Reef fish modelling using a geostatistical approach provided encouraging results considering that this investigation was conducted with previously collected data and within a reduced resource context.
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Online Documents
|
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13.
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ICRS11
Hamylton, S. and T. Spencer,
2008
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An investigation of seagrass patterns at Alphonse Atoll, Seychelles: Linking structure to function in marine landscapes
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 628-632
(Session number 17)
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Author
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Hamylton, S. and T. Spencer
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
An investigation of seagrass patterns at Alphonse Atoll, Seychelles: Linking structure to function in marine landscapes
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 628-632
(Session number 17)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Emerging Techniques in Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis, Landscape ecology, patch linearity, remote sensing
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Caption
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Abstract
|
The idea of landscapes as shifting patch mosaics, structured by a range of biological and physical stochastic forces, is well suited to shallow tropical environments, where seagrass patches lie within a matrix of soft sediments or rocky substrates. The interaction of wave fields and tidal currents with carbonate sediment transport can result in linear morphologies of reef flat material with alternating sand tongues and seagrass beds. Patch-level metrics capture phenomena such as linearity in one variable, which can be evaluated over a gradient of predictable environmental change. Interrogating the statistical properties of patch ensembles enables the links between observed structures and the processes that govern them to be empirically investigated. This study demonstrates how habitat maps derived from remotely sensed Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) data can be used to investigate critical controls of landscape mosaics through the application of geostatistical techniques to Alphonse Atoll, Seychelles.
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Online Documents
|
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14.
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ICRS11
Ayala-Bocos, A. and H. Reyes-Bonilla,
2008
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Analysis of reef fish abundance in the Gulf of California, and projection of changes by global warming
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 1282-1286
(Session number 25)
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Author
|
Ayala-Bocos, A. and H. Reyes-Bonilla
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
Analysis of reef fish abundance in the Gulf of California, and projection of changes by global warming
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 1282-1286
(Session number 25)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Climate Change, Temperature increase, distribution, community structure.
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Gulf of California has high endemism and diversity of its reef fish fauna. This study analyzes the abundance of 20 dominant species in the region, and evaluates possible changes to be caused by temperature increments. Stationary censuses of fishes were done in six regions during 2006, and oceanographic information for each one, including mean, minimum and maximum surface temperature, photosynthetic pigments, and nitrate, phosphate and silicate concentrations, was gathered. These factors were included in stepwise regressions to evaluate its influence on individual species, and the equations were used to project change in abundance as a result of warming in accordance to three scenarios: +1°, +2° and +3°C. The models indicated that as temperature rises, 4 species may reduce their abundance, 14 increase it and 2 may remain stable; also, 6 species may extend their geographic ranges. At community level, richness, taxonomic distinctness, diversity and average trophic level will likely increase with temperature, but the latter two will eventually return to their original levels. In conclusion, the Gulf of California fish fauna will not react homogeneously to the warming; some species may change their distribution and shifts in composition and structure are expected. These events may cause an ecological imbalance in teleost assemblages, and consequently affect the functions of the reef ecosystem in the gulf.
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Online Documents
|
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15.
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ICRS11
Fenner D. and S.F. Heron,
2008
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Annual summer bleaching of a multi-species coral community in backreef pools of American Samoa: a window on the future?
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 1295-1299
(Session number 25)
|
Author
|
Fenner D. and S.F. Heron
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
Annual summer bleaching of a multi-species coral community in backreef pools of American Samoa: a window on the future?
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 1295-1299
(Session number 25)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Climate Change, bleaching, annual, coral, staghorn, American Samoa
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Caption
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Abstract
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The prevalence of bleaching was recorded in staghorn thickets of two back reef pools on a biweekly basis during the October to June bleaching season, and monthly basis for the rest of the year at Tutuila, American Samoa. Recording began in late 2003 and has continued since, and used a rapid visual estimation procedure. Three species of staghorns (Acropora spp.) in both pools bleached every Austral summer for five years. Reports of reef slope bleaching events in 2002 and 2003 imply that they bleached in those years as well. Thus, these corals have bleached for at least five summers and likely seven summers or more in a row. Other, less common species of Acropora and Millepora were observed to bleach as well. The bleaching displayed patterns consistent with the view that both temperature and irradiance are involved in producing the bleaching. The term “photothermal bleaching” was applied to this type of bleaching. This appears to be the first annual multi-species summer bleaching event reported.
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Online Documents
|
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16.
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ICRS11
Ramirez, A., C. Daniels and P. Hallock,
2008
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Applications of the SEDCON and FORAM Indices on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 80-85
(Session number 4)
|
Author
|
Ramirez, A., C. Daniels and P. Hallock
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
Applications of the SEDCON and FORAM Indices on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 80-85
(Session number 4)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Coral Reef Organisms as Recorders of Local and Global Environment Change, Foraminifera, SEDCON, FORAM, reefs, sediments.
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Caption
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Abstract
|
Coral cover remains highest on patch reefs at the northern end of the Florida reef tract. Two indices, the FORAM Index and the SEDCON Index, were developed to indicate the suitability of a reef environment for continued reef accretion. Patch reefs were sampled in Biscayne National Park, FL, to assess sediment characteristics and foraminiferal assemblages, as well as to examine trends between the two indices. Sediments associated with a majority (59%) of reefs were coarse sands; muddy sediments were restricted to a few inner patch reefs that were isolated from the flow of Caesar’s Creek. Unidentifiable grains dominated the sediment constituents, along with calcareous algae and molluscan debris. Shells from 82 genera of Foraminifera were identified in the sediments. Quinqueloculina was the most consistently common genus. Percent mud was the most influential measured variable on the distribution of both sediment constituents and foraminiferal assemblages. Patterns of FORAM and SEDCON Index values and their similarity to temperature, salinity, and percent mud distributions show that Caesar’s Creek is affecting the benthic community by providing flow that limits the accumulation of mud and potentially other anthropogenic stressors. Overall this study suggests that the reefs in this area are marginal for continued reef growth.
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17.
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ICRS11
Ault, J.S., S.G. Smith, and J.T. Tilmant,
2008
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Are the Coral Reef Finfish Fisheries of South Florida Sustainable?
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 996-1000
(Session number 22)
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Author
|
Ault, J.S., S.G. Smith, and J.T. Tilmant
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
Are the Coral Reef Finfish Fisheries of South Florida Sustainable?
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Source
|
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 996-1000
(Session number 22)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Coral Reef Associated Fisheries, Florida, coral reefs, overfishing, sustainable fisheries
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Caption
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Abstract
|
We used population abundance and size structure data from fishery-independent (visual census) and fishery-dependent (creel surveys) monitoring programs from the Florida Keys and Biscayne National Park to estimate stock mortality rates and current reproductive potentials of the seven most commonly harvested reef fishes. Numerous indicators revealed these reef fishes are currently experiencing unsustainable rates of exploitation. Annual growth in recreational fishing effort compounds this problem. If healthy reefs are Florida’s future, exploitation of reef fish stocks must be reduced. Fishery management actions were evaluated that could possibly reduce fishing mortality and increase reproduction potential sufficiently to achieve sustainable stock conditions. Results indicated that, when using only traditional management approaches such as increased minimum harvest sizes or decreased bag limits, rather radical changes will be needed to achieve sustainable stock conditions, and any improvements may be negated by continual increases in fishing effort over relatively short time horizons. We conclude that, in addition to traditional fishery management controls, contemporary measures such as placing a portion of the population under spatial protection will likely be needed to achieve long-term sustainability of Florida’s coral reef finfish fisheries.
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Online Documents
|
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18.
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|
ICRS11
Sotka, E. E., A. McCarty and H.B. Giddens,
2008
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Are tropical herbivores more tolerant of chemically rich seaweeds than are temperate herbivores? A test of seaweedherbivore coevolution
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 285-290
(Session number 9)
|
Author
|
Sotka, E. E., A. McCarty and H.B. Giddens
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Year
|
2008
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Title
|
Are tropical herbivores more tolerant of chemically rich seaweeds than are temperate herbivores? A test of seaweedherbivore coevolution
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Source
|
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 285-290
(Session number 9)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Chemical Ecology on Coral Reefs, Herbivore offense, seaweed chemical defense, coevolutionary arms-race, biogeography Introduction Marine herbivores face profound challenges when feeding on seaweeds. Seaweeds and vascular plants generally contain low levels of nitrogen relative to herbivore tissues (Horn 1989; Choat and Clements 1998), which require herbivores to consume large quantities of plant material to maintain themselves. In addition, seaweeds have evolved structures and morphologi
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Caption
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Abstract
|
There is a greater quantity and diversity of lipophilic secondary metabolites produced by seaweeds within tropical relative to temperate regions. Coevolutionary arms-race theory predicts that tropical herbivores should more readily tolerate consuming chemically-rich seaweeds than do temperate herbivores, however, tests of this prediction are rare. We assessed the willingness to consume freeze-dried tissue from 10 species of chemically-rich seaweeds exhibited by multiple populations of the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana collected from coldtemperate, warm-temperate and subtropical estuaries along the east and Gulf coasts of North America. In contrast with the coevolutionary predictions, geographic patterns of consumption of chemically-rich seaweeds were not correlated with latitude. Rather, populations in North Carolina (34ºN) consumed more tissue from the diterpeneproducing seaweed genus Dictyota than did New England (41ºN) or Florida (27ºN) populations. Amphipod populations did not differ in their feeding responses to tissue from chemically-rich seaweeds in the genera Amphiroa, Halimeda, Padina, Penicillus, nor Udotea. Thus, Floridean A. longimana have not locally evolved a feeding tolerance for chemical defenses produced by tropical seaweeds, as would be predicted by an arms-race hypothesis. Rather, the geographic patterns in feeding behaviors reflect the relative importance of these seaweeds to the ecology of local populations.
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Online Documents
|
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|
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19.
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|
ICRS11
Marcos, S.A.C., L.T. David, M.N. Soriano,
2008
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Area-Calibrated Automation of Coral Classification for Near And Subsurface Reef Videos
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 507-511
(Session number 16)
|
Author
|
Marcos, S.A.C., L.T. David, M.N. Soriano
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
Area-Calibrated Automation of Coral Classification for Near And Subsurface Reef Videos
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Source
|
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 507-511
(Session number 16)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Ecosystem Assessment of Coral Reefs - New Technologies and Approaches, coral classification, reef monitoring, automation, computer vision, pattern recognition
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Caption
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Abstract
|
Groundwork for an area-calibrated computer-automated system for benthic classification
through underwater video is presented. Data acquisition through an underwater video camera is fast, less expensive and processing can be done in one day. Two video acquisition schemes were considered: (1) near reef videos, where height of 30 cm from the reef surface is maintained, and (2) subsurface video of a reef where the camera is fixed 0.2-0.5m below the surface. Rapid classification is implemented via downsampling a reef image into blocks. Benthic components are classified into living and nonliving categories. For near-reef videos, an overall success rate of 79% is achieved even for corals occurring in various morphologies. Color and texture features derived from video stills were used as inputs to the classifier system. For subsurface reef video, an overall recognition rate of 60 – 70% was achieved. A more accurate percent cover is obtained via an area calibration model developed. This model is based on camera optics and removes the need for an underwater reference object for area correction. The development of an automated rapid reef classification system is most promising for reef studies that need fast and frequent data acquisition of percent cover of living and nonliving components.
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Online Documents
|
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|
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20.
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|
ICRS11
Peters, M., D. Palandro, P. Hallock and E. Shinn,
2008
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Assessing the distribution of patch reef morphologies in the Lower Florida Keys, USA, using IKONOS satellite imagery
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 678-682
(Session number 17)
|
Author
|
Peters, M., D. Palandro, P. Hallock and E. Shinn
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Year
|
2008
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|
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Title
|
Assessing the distribution of patch reef morphologies in the Lower Florida Keys, USA, using IKONOS satellite imagery
|
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Source
|
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 678-682
(Session number 17)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Emerging Techniques in Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis, Florida Keys, patch reef, morphology, coral, remote sensing.
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Caption
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Abstract
|
As live coral cover continues to decline in the Florida Keys, it becomes increasingly important not only to determine the location and abundance of live coral remaining, but also to understand why certain areas possess higher coral cover than others. At present, coral cover tends to be highest at shallow inshore patch reefs. Our study has two objectives: 1) to determine, to the full extent visible by satellite imagery, the number and characteristics of patch reefs that could be recognized using IKONOS imagery; and 2) to test the assumption that various morphological groups of patch reefs occupy distinct cross-shelf zones in the Lower Keys. Two previous survey efforts using aerial imagery and reported 420 and 750 patch reefs, respectively, from Big Pine to the Marquesas Keys. By performing a visual assessment on IKONOS satellite imagery, we were able to delineate 2,251 patch reefs for this region. These patch reefs vary in their overall morphology (i.e., shape) and are spatially distributed in several cross-shelf bands. Patch reef classes identified were Aggregate, Atom, Colony, Crescent and Dome. Aggregate patch reefs are very numerous, relatively small, and dominantly located either shallow-midshelf or offshore. Dome, Colony and Crescent patch reefs are larger in area and are most common in the shallow-midshelf or offshore zones. This study represents an important first step in understanding the factors that may be controlling the distribution and shape of patch reefs along the Florida Keys Reef Tract and, subsequently, relating this to living coral cover on modern reefs.
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Online Documents
|
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|
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21.
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|
ICRS11
Hudson, C. L. and M. D. Ferrier,
2008
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Assessing ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in field-collected Aiptasia pallida using the comet assay
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 137-141
(Session number 5)
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Author
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Hudson, C. L. and M. D. Ferrier
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
Assessing ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in field-collected Aiptasia pallida using the comet assay
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 137-141
(Session number 5)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Functional Biology of Corals and Coral Symbiosis: Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Physiology, Comet assay, DNA damage, Aiptasia pallida, Ultraviolet radiation.
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Caption
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Abstract
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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced DNA damage and repair in freshly-collected Aiptasia pallida from Walsingham Pond, Bermuda were examined using the comet assay. In addition, animals were screened for the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). We found that field anemones produce relatively large quantities of four MAAs (mycosporine-2-glycine, mycosporine glycine, shinorine and Porphyra-334). Additionally, field anemones were capable of fully repairing DNA damage incurred during a 12-h exposure to UVR and PAR. It appears that A. pallida initiates nucleotide excision repair (NER) during the first 2 h of recovery in the dark. The majority of DNA strand breaks (SB) formed from NER are repaired within an 8-h recovery period. These results suggest that the ability of A. pallida to repair DNA damage and / or protect itself from the detrimental effects of UVR are important factors for its survival.
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22.
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ICRS11
Mueller, E.M. and C. J. Booker,
2008
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Assessment of Resilience in Montastrea faveolata Inside and Outside of a Marine Park
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 875-879
(Session number 18)
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Author
|
Mueller, E.M. and C. J. Booker
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Year
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2008
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Title
|
Assessment of Resilience in Montastrea faveolata Inside and Outside of a Marine Park
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 875-879
(Session number 18)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Reef Status and Trends, corals, organismal resilience, coral stress, wound healing
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Caption
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Abstract
|
Lesion regeneration (wound healing) was used as a proxy for assessing organismal resilience in the coral, Montastrea faveolata. Potential effects of wounding on quantum yield determined by PAM fluorometry were also examined. In a mesocosm experiment, surface lesions were imaged daily over 15 days to develop healing curves. Quantum yields were obtained daily using a PAM fluorometer (2 mm fiberoptic). Results demonstrated that 50% healing occurred in 5-6 days. Lesion healing was compared between an unprotected location near Lee Stocking Island (Exuma, Bahamas) and in the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park using coral cores deployed to field arrays at each site. Lesions, images and PAM measurements were made on day 0 and again 5-7 days later. These procedures were repeated in the winter, spring and summer of 2007 and winter, 2008. There were no seasonal differences in healing rates or between genotypes. No consistent effects of site, time of year or wounding were seen on quantum yields of surrounding tissue, however, newly formed tissues had significantly lower yields than measured in undamaged tissues. Healing was significantly greater at the Park site in the winter of 2007 but there were no site differences in spring or summer.
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|
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23.
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ICRS11
Peterson, E.L. ,
2008
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ASTER bathymetry in computational fluid dynamic simulation of Rongelap Atoll hydrodynamics, Marshall Islands
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 491-495
(Session number 15)
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Author
|
Peterson, E.L.
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Year
|
2008
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Title
|
ASTER bathymetry in computational fluid dynamic simulation of Rongelap Atoll hydrodynamics, Marshall Islands
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Source
|
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 491-495
(Session number 15)
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Keywords
|
ICRS11, Hydrodynamics of Coral-Reef Systems, Atoll, Hydrodynamics, Remote Sensing.
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Caption
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Abstract
|
ASTER green, red and near infra-red (NIR) imagery with a resolution on the order of handheld GPS echo soundings was calibrated to model bathymetry of Rongelap Atoll to a depth of 10 meters. The ASTER model was converted into of depth contours at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 meters. Beyond that depth nautical charts and echo soundings were used to model bathymetry. The combined result was a bathymetric digital elevation model of Rongelap Atoll and surrounding seas, which was converted to X,Y,Z file and for input into reverse engineering software. The reverse engineering software then created a NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational BSpline) surface model, for input into the finite element meshing program GAMBIT (ANSYS Fluid Dynamics International). These data were then ordered in volumetric and substrate surface elements of coral reefs and input to the FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package. Bluelink (Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO) was used to apply boundary conditions, and results are hydrodynamic charts of the atoll. The resulting map of substrate shear stress at Rongelap is displayed in Figure 2. Figure 2 Benthic shear stress of Rongelap Atoll.
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|
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|
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24.
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ICRS11
M.R. Patterson and Relles, N.J.,
2008
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Autonomous Underwater Vehicles resurvey Bonaire: a new tool for coral reef management
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 546-550
(Session number 16)
|
Author
|
M.R. Patterson and Relles, N.J.
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Year
|
2008
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Title
|
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles resurvey Bonaire: a new tool for coral reef management
|
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Source
|
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 1: 546-550
(Session number 16)
|
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Ecosystem Assessment of Coral Reefs - New Technologies and Approaches, Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), Bonaire, multibeam sonar, side scan sonar, reef atlas
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Caption
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Abstract
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Bonaire’s reefs are among the most pristine in the Caribbean. Creation of the Bonaire National Marine Park in 1979 set an important precedent for Marine Protected Areas. Van Duyl (1985) published an underwater atlas of the bottom type and benthic community to a depth of 10 m, but there have been few surveys of the deeper (>65 m) reef. In 2008, Bonaire’s reefs were remapped using three Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Nitrox, and Trimix SCUBA. The AUVs carried high frequency side scan and multibeam sonar, cameras, and water column sensors (CTD, pH, dissolved oxygen). Divers ground-truthed AUV data on bottom-type and biota present. AUVs were used because they can survey deeper, cover more area over shorter time periods, and simultaneously collect multiple datasets compared to surveys by ship or SCUBA. A preliminary examination of expedition data shows higher diversity (H’) and coral percent cover as one proceeds from south to north. The AUVs successfully mapped the bathymetry, and collected data on bottom type, fishes, coral cover and community type at locations along the entire leeward coastline. Our work shows the potential for AUVs working in conjunction with divers to provide a new tool for reef assessment at the landscape level.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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25.
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ICRS11
Tanaka, Y., T. Miyajima and H. Ogawa,
2008
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Bacterial degradability of dissolved organic carbon in coral mucus
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 950-954
(Session number 19)
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Author
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Tanaka, Y., T. Miyajima and H. Ogawa
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Year
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2008
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Title
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Bacterial degradability of dissolved organic carbon in coral mucus
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Source
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Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 7-11 July 2008. Vol. 2: 950-954
(Session number 19)
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Keywords
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ICRS11, Biogeochemical Cycles in Coral Reef Envifonments, coral, mucus, bacteria, mineralization, refractory organic matter
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Caption
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Abstract
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Bacterial decomposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in coral mucus was investigated under dark conditions for 7 months to reveal what percentage of the coral-derived DOC is rapidly utilized by bacteria, and conversely, what percentage remained for a long term as refractory organic matter. During the first week, 38%-47% of DOC released from the hermatypic corals Acropora pulchra and Porites cylindrica were mineralized by bacteria collected from natural reef water. The bacterial abundance dramatically increased from the order of 103 to 106 cells ml-1 during the 1 week. Some part of the remaining organic C at 1 week was slowly decomposed over 3 months, but further degradation was not observed thereafter. Finally, 32%-44% of the initial DOC was not mineralized over 7 months. These results suggest that, under dark conditions, DOC in coral mucus is not completely degraded by free-living bacteria and contributes to long-term C fixation as refractory organic matter.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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